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While much has been written about the life and works of Charles Darwin, the lives of his ten children remain largely unexamined. Most "Darwin books" consider his children as footnotes to the life of their famous father and close with the death of Charles Darwin. This is the only book that deals substantially with the lives of his children from their birth to their death, each in his or her own chapter. Tim Berra's Darwin and His Children: His Other Legacy explores Darwin's marriage to his first cousin, Emma Wedgwood, a devout Unitarian, who worried that her husband's lack of faith would keep them apart in eternity, and describes the early death of three children of this consanguineous marriage. Many of the other children rose to prominence in their own fields. William Darwin became a banker and tended the Darwin family's substantial wealth. Henrietta Darwin edited Charles' books and wrote a biography of her mother. Three of Darwin's sons were knighted and elected Fellows of the Royal Society: Sir George Darwin was the world's expert on tides, Sir Francis Darwin developed the new field of plant physiology, and Sir Horace Darwin founded the world-class Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company. Major Leonard Darwin was a military man, Member of Parliament, and patron of early genetic research. This book, richly illustrated with photographs of the Darwin family, demonstrates the intellectual atmosphere whirling about the Darwin household, portrays loving family relationships, and explores entertaining vignettes from their lives.
- Sales Rank: #1386592 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-07-18
- Released on: 2013-07-18
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"Darwin & His Children offers glimpses into the home life of the man who revolutionized biology and natural history. Each Darwin child's life is told in a readable essay [The book]goes a long way toward showing the very human side of a man many see merely as a symbol, for good or ill." --Mansfield News Journal
"The picture that the book presents is of that of a functional, relaxed family that held together despite illnesses and despite the controversies that followed Darwin's publications. The book brings together much information not previously accessible; it shows Darwin, as well as all his other characteristics, to be a loving, concerned parent with talented children. It is a welcome addition to the considerable literature that relates to Darwin himself, his work and his contemporaries." --Dr. John Hayman, in Australian Family Physician
"Berra's book by design presents no new scholarship, relying on secondary sources. It is nevertheless unique in two ways: it brings together in a single volume a synopsis of the lives of the Darwin children and it provides a collective family portrait." --The Quarterly Review of Biology
"This book is small and well-written. It contains handy appendices and graphic material that make it a useful reference for anyone who wants to keep Darwin's timeline and numerous interactions clear." --Reports of the National Center for Science Education
"Berra captures the essence of the man as a generous loving human being. Berra's book is a well-researched effort that integrates details of Darwin's family life with comments on his scientific achievements and includes numerous photographs of members of the extended Darwin family....I thoroughly enjoyed the book. Anyone interested in the history of science or the history of the 19th and early 20th centuries will be well served by reading it." -- Copeia
"The resulting book is a unique overview of the Darwin family, from his parents and grandparents, to his grandchildren and beyond. The book gives entries in birth order for all his children, with details of their marriages and deaths, photographic portraits as well as their role in their father's life-short narratives throw light on the role and career of each family member and their associates. Although compact in size, this will be an invaluable source book for anyone interested in Charles Darwin." -- Editor, The Linnean.
"Charles Darwin has been the subject of innumerable biographies, but Tim Berra, Professor Emeritus of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology at The Ohio State University, has written something different in his book that cuts across three disciplines: the sciences, history of science, and biography. No other book combines the biographies of all ten children in a single volume. The book is thus an innovation and worthy of scrutiny. This book should find a multitude of audiences. We have observed it to be a contribution to the sciences, to history of science and to biography. The student of history of science should avidly read Darwin and His Children, particularly the first chapter. Darwin and His Children is well researched and well written. Berra has the ability to communicate complex ideas in simple prose. As the above suggests, I would recommend this monograph to anyone with an interest in the sciences, history of science, and biography." -- The Ohio Journal of Science
About the Author
Tim M. Berra is Professor Emeritus of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology at The Ohio State University, and University Professorial Fellow at Charles Darwin University in Australia. He is the author of six previous books on evolution and biology, including Charles Darwin: The Concise Story of an Extraordinary Man. He is a three-time recipient of Fulbright Fellowships to Australia.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Berra did I know about the amount of time Darwin devoted to his wife and children and the genuine love he had for them
By David W. Kramer
Biologists and historians of science have read much of the voluminous literature of the life and work of Charles Darwin whose discoveries revolutionized biology and many other disciplines. We also caught glimpses into his family life, especially the fact that he married his first cousin and they had 10 children! I have visited the Darwin home, Down House, but not until I read this gem of a book by Dr. Berra did I know about the amount of time Darwin devoted to his wife and children and the genuine love he had for them. Berra's work on his earlier Darwin book sparked a deep interest in the family members and that curiosity drove him to research the family history through hundreds of sources. Berra's ability to find his sources, critique their veracity, glean the most interesting facts from them, and then blend those facts into a very readable and fascinating story is a remarkable achievement.
Various family members, including the famous father, were racked with serious illnesses, some leading to untimely death, but the family coped and survived. The story of each child is told in his/her own chapter. Interestingly, they chose varied careers and were very successful. In our present time when women hold advanced degrees and prominent careers in arts, sciences, business, law, etc., this book joltingly reminds us that the Darwin women, typical of their time, did not have the same educations or careers as their brothers. Yet, they were contributing members in their own way.
Every teacher at every level of education should read this book to find anecdotes that can inspire their students. True, the Darwin children were from affluence and could have followed every dream with few hurdles but the essential fact is that each had a dream and the discipline to do what was necessary to make a lasting contribution to society. The book can also show parents how to raise their children so that they know how to work and how to ask questions and find answers.
If you think you already know Charles Darwin, read this book. This is the best book I have read this summer.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The Descent of Darwin
By Michael D. Barton
There is much to take in on Darwin - a constant barrage of books, journal articles, magazine features, blog posts, podcasts, videos on YouTube, etc. It can be a daunting task to keep up with it all and stay current with what historians and writers are discussing about Darwin: his life, his scientific work, and his legacy which permeates many fields beyond those sciences in which he worked. Sometimes new work takes an unexplored avenue, other times rehashing worn territory. A new book by biologist and previous Darwin biographer Tim Berra explores Darwin's life from a different angle but with largely familiar subject matter. If you've read about Darwin at length before, then you likely know that he and his wife Emma had a large family and that Darwin was very involved in raising their children. In Darwin and His Children: His Other Legacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013; 272 pp.), Berra describes the lives, careers, and achievements of the Darwin children, who, Berra shares, "were devoted to their father and mother, intensely loyal to the family and to each other, and protective of their father's reputation."
The book is organized chronologically by their birth years, beginning with a chapter on Darwin's life and work (a summary, essentially), and a chapter on his marriage to Emma. The following ten chapters cover each child, so there tends to be some repetition of information, but the book is nicely organized. Illness in the family is a thread throughout the chapters, and this was a constant source of anxiety for Darwin (he felt that marriage to his first cousin may have created weakened offspring).
Darwin and Emma's first son, William (1839-1914), "my little animalcule of a son," he wrote to Captain Fitzroy, became a subject of infant behavior, and information from this was included in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). He was a banker, helped Darwin with mathematical calculations in a botanical study, and was an avid amateur photographer. Anne, or Annie (1841-1851), Darwin's favorite, died young and this tore her father apart. Mary (1842-1842) only lived for 23 days, her cause of death unknown. Henrietta (1843-1927), or Etty, did much to help her father with his work. She assisted in pigeon breeding experiments, corrected proofs for The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (1868), and edited book manuscripts, including The Descent of Man (1871). She also edited a collection of family letters and biography of Emma. George (1845-1912) was a mathematician and became a world authority on tides. He befriended Lord Kelvin, who disagreed with Darwin on evolution, and defended his father against critique from St. George Jackson Mivart, speaking freely about his views on prayer and other religious matters (as opposed to Darwin's avoidance of making public his views on religion). Elizabeth (1847-1926), or Bessy, was the Darwins' eccentric daughter, and was helpful to her mother in household duties and caring for her father during his illnesses, and helped to raise her nephew Bernard. Francis (1848-1925) was an accomplished plant physiologist, was an assistant to his father on plant experiments, helped with his massive daily correspondence, and edited The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887) and, with A.C. Seward, More Letters of Charles Darwin (1903). Leonard (1850-1943) was a military engineer, politician, and economist who is most remembered for his work in eugenics (a term coined by Darwin's cousin Francis Galton). Berra notes: "The negative eugenics advocated by Leonard is shocking to today's sensibilities, but it was a product of the times." Horace (1851-1928), their ninth child, was an intelligent child (Darwin wrote in a letter about Horace's grasp of natural selection when age 11). He was founder and director of the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, which succeeded due to World War I, a public servant in a variety of matters, and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (joining his father and brothers George and Francis). Charles Waring (1856-1858), their tenth and last child, was their third to die in childhood. His funeral allowed Darwin to avoid the joint reading of his and Wallace's papers on natural selection at the Linnean Society in July 1858.
However enjoyable this book is, I can't help but point out the many myths about Darwin that continue to remain in popular treatment of the subject (this is not to blame Berra, of course, for it will be some time before corrections to these myths become mainstream). Darwin was not knighted, because "he was much too controversial for Queen Victoria's taste (but Darwin did not carry out work in service of the British government, for which knighthoods were given). Darwin kept his ideas private, "except to broach them to his closest scientific colleagues" (Berra lists Lyell, Hooker, and Gray, however the list of who Darwin shared with is much longer). However, Berra rightly notes that Darwin was indeed the appointed naturalist on HMS Beagle, and that the common story of the Huxley-Wilberforce debate in 1860 is exaggerated.
Berra's sources are already published: Darwin's Life and Letters volumes, his autobiography, reminiscences from some of the children as well as Darwin's granddaughter Gwen Raverat. Given this, there are no grand revelations here. This is straightforward narrative history, and here Berra provides a charming, detailed narrative that gives due credit to Darwin's children, whom he loved and shared in their griefs and successes in life. "Darwin" continued to be a very recognizable name in England, if not for Darwin's own work, but the achievements of his descendants. An important takeaway from Darwin and His Children is how involved they were, from youth to adulthood in the case of some, with Darwin's science: as editors, experimentalists, subjects of study, ambassadors (George and Francis traveled to the United States in 1871), and a variety of other roles. Several became respected scientists themselves, not too surprising given the nature-rich atmosphere and encouragement in which they were raised. The Darwins were truly a scientific family.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Charles Darwin--Much More than Scientist
By Max Wolfrum
Almost anyone who is plugged into the real world agrees that Charles Darwin is firmly ensconced on the top rung of contributors to the fount of scientific knowledge. Indeed, Darwin is frequently and understandably viewed as the quintessential scientist, surely incapable of deep emotion and personal sensitivity.
In Darwin and His Children Professor Tim Berra documents beyond doubt that Darwin’s emotional warmth and capacity were a worthy complement to his rational and scientific enormity. Scholarly but an easy read, this study succeeds admirably in getting up close and personal to an exceptionally principled, warm, responsible and, in some respects, fragile man, a man who was capable of and humbly expressed the most deeply felt and endearing sentiments toward his ten children and other family members. At the same time Berra succeeds in subtly recounting and documenting the essence of Darwin the scientist, all in an impressively short space, never losing sight of the stature and giant that Darwin is—and as Berra has done more explicitly in his previous publications.
The Darwin children are an interesting topic because they are Charles’ offspring, but they are also deserving subjects of study and memorializing for their own unique and substantial achievements. What other family’s offspring can claim three Fellows of the Royal Society, Cambridge professorships, member of parliament, founder of a scientific instrument company, leading botanist, editor and biographer, engineer, expert on tides, photographer, eugenist, and much more?
Conversely, as the children’s lives began and unfolded, they brought great sorrow as well as joy to their parents. As Gwen Raverat, a niece, recalled later: “At Down [the Darwin home], ill health was considered normal.” The children needed and received tremendous amounts of loving attention and parental affection—and they received it in abundance.
It is hard to imagine anyone responding with more love and anguish than Charles did to Annie (his favorite child in her own way) and her memory upon her untimely death at age ten. Darwin recalls that Annie’s “strong affection . . . made her joyousness & spirit so delightful, . . . which was of a most clinging, fondling nature.” She “would at almost any time spend half-an-hour in arranging my hair, ‘making it’ as she called it ‘beautiful,’ or in smoothing, the poor dear darling, my collar or cuffs. . . . She liked being kissed; indeed every expression in her countenance beamed with affection & kindness, & all her habits were influenced by her loving disposition.” As she was dying, “she praised everything that was given her. . . . When I gave her some water, she said ‘I quite thank you’; and these, I believe were the last precious words ever addressed by her dear lips to me.” His moving tribute continues for two pages.
Professor Berra’s many quotes from Darwin’s personal correspondence attest to the power of the written and printed word. Without the emotional sentiments captured and conveyed through Charles’ first-person, quaint and finely honed nuances of British-speak in his notes, his personal stature would have been significantly less revealed and moving. There is something particularly charming and disarming about those endearing salutations and complimentary closes, as well as the effusive descriptors within them. If the Darwin haters chanced to read this book, it is hard to fathom how they could dismiss and revile such a caring, sensitive, responsible, tender “family man.”
At the same time that Darwin expressed such unmitigated love, commitment and devotion toward the children, he almost instinctively filtered nearly every event and action, no matter how personal, through his uniquely scientific bent. Even as he enlisted the children as “research assistants,” and when they sometimes seemed almost like scientific subjects of study, his personal caring for them prevailed and he never took advantage of them, nor viewed them as less than precious human beings. In fact, his placing so much confidence in the children served to motivate them and imbue them with an instinctive application of scientific scrutiny and thinking.
Interesting examples are son Horace’s reasoning to his father that “If everyone would kill adders they would come to sting less,” to which his father answered “of course since there would be so few of them,” and to which Horace answered indignantly “I did not mean that; but that the timid adders which run away would be saved, and in time they would never sting at all.” Some of the experiments had their amusing as well as their serious dimension, such as the procedures for determining whether earthworms can hear, or trying to catch plants in moments of movement. The Darwin family was indeed a scientific team. Without the children’s help, Charles could not have collected and scrutinized nearly so many pigeons, earthworms, beetles and all manner of other specimens!
Max Wolfrum
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